In 2020, the water level and water volume of Xiao Qaidam Lake increased by 3.62 m and 0.39 km 3, respectively, compared with 2015, resulting in the inundation of an area of 54.55 km 2 of grassland around the lake and a direct threat to the Liuge and Dexiao Expressways. The results show that the area of Xiao Qaidam Lake increased by 60.42 km 2 (85.43%) from 1990 to 2020, which can be roughly divided into three stages: fluctuation decline in 1990–2001 (−1.89 km 2/a) relatively stable in 2002–2014 and rapid expansion in 2015–2020 (8.54 km 2/a). Based on Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI and GF PMS images, lake water level data, SRTM digital elevation model (DEM), GlobeLand30 and meteorological data used in this study, we analyzed the area change of Xiao Qaidam Lake in Qaidam Basin with its causes, factors and potential hazards. In the climatic context of warming and humidification in Northwest China, most lakes in Qinghai Province experienced a rising water level and expanding area, inundating grassland and infrastructure around lakes, and even extreme events such as lake outburst floods.
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